Topic 5- Forms of planning

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  •  In the process of planning, several plans are prepared which are known as components of planning. Plans can be broadly classified as

  1. Strategic plans

  • A  strategic  plan  is  an  outline  of  steps  designed  with  the  goals  of  the  entire organization as awhole in mind, rather than with the goals of specific divisions or departments.

  1. Tactical plans

  • A tactical plan is concerned with what the lower level units within each division must do, how they must do it, and who is in charge at each level.  Tactical plans are concerned with shorter time frames and narrower scopes than are strategic plans. 

  1. Operational plans

  • The specific results expected from departments, work groups, and individuals are the operational goals.  Operational plans can be a single-use plan or a standing plan. 

  1. Contingency plans

  • Contingency planning involves identifying alternative courses of action that can be implemented if and when the original plan proves inadequate because of changing circumstances.  Keep in mind that events beyond a manager's control may cause even the most carefully prepared alternative future scenarios to go awry.  Management can then develop alternatives to the existing plan and ready them for use when and if circumstances make these alternatives appropriate. 

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